{"id":2560,"date":"2023-10-01T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-01T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/?p=2560"},"modified":"2024-03-27T12:20:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T05:20:28","slug":"satellite-dong-thoi-gian-phat-trien-ve-tinh-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/blog\/satellite-dong-thoi-gian-phat-trien-ve-tinh-phan-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Satellite – D\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n V\u1ec7 tinh (Ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ea<\/strong>n n\u0103m 1957<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 tinh?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Satellite<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, h\u00e0nh tinh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y quay quanh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4i sao. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb \u201cv\u1ec7 tinh –<\/strong> satellite <\/strong><\/strong>\u201d d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c trong kh\u00f4ng gian. [NASA]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 02 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec7 tinh: t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t) ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 1. V\u1ec7 tinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean – M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng.
(Ngu\u1ed3n NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 2. V\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o – Landsat 9.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: USGS)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

D\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec7 tinh (ph\u1ea7n 1)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Hy l\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec7 tinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/strong>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tin r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 <\/strong>v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Anaximander <\/strong>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 550 TCN. Aristotle <\/strong>(384\u2013322 TCN) v\u00e0 Claudius Ptolemy<\/strong> (100\u2013170 CN) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e2m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 3. M\u1ed9t minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e2m Ptolemaic c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha Bartolomeu Velho, 1568.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14<\/strong>, nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Ibn al-Shatir <\/strong>(1304\u20131375) thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Maragha ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ptolemaic. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Copernicus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Copernicus.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1543<\/strong>, Nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan – Nicolaus Copernicus<\/strong> (1473\u20131543) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean \u1edf trung t\u00e2m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c quay quanh n\u00f3. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a trong ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1572<\/strong>, Nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch – Tycho (Tyge) Brahe<\/strong> (1546\u20131601) thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh. Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kepler s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 4. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Copernicus. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh quay quanh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1609 – 1610<\/strong>, nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd – Galileo Galilei<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c pha c\u1ee7a Sao Kim, c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Sao M\u1ed9c, si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadt t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Copernicus<\/strong>. T\u00f2a \u00e1n d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Galilei <\/strong>ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u1eed t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1610<\/strong>, nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c – Johannes Kepler<\/strong> (1571\u20131630) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cv\u1ec7 tinh<\/strong>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng quay quanh Sao M\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ba \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Copernicus<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1687<\/strong>, Sir Isaac Newton<\/strong> (1642\u20131727) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Principia trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ba \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda, v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1869-1879<\/strong>, nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn The Brick Moon (1869)<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Edward Everett Hale <\/strong>v\u00e0 The Begum’s Fortune (1879)<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Jules Verne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1903<\/strong>, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga (1857\u20131935) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/strong>. \u00d4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 8 km\/s v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1928<\/strong>, M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Herman Poto\u010dnik<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi Slovenia (1892\u20131929) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ecba t\u0129nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/strong> v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quay quanh qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1945<\/strong> \u2013 \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec7 tinh. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Arthur Charles Clarke<\/strong> (1917\u20132008) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ecba t\u0129nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t thanh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\ude80\"\"\ud83d\ude80\"\"\ud83d\ude80\" Ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1957 \u2013 L\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 tinh Sputnik, v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bay v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 83,6 kg v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n theo qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh elip \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 939 km \u0111\u1ebfn 215 km. N\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 29.000 km\/h v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t 96,2 ph\u00fat cho m\u1ed7i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 5. Ph\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda ch\u1ee9a v\u1ec7 tinh Sputnik.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 6. V\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y 4\/10\/1957 – Sputnik.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

K\u1ebft th\u00fac Ph\u1ea7n 1, \u0111\u00f3n ch\u1edd Ph\u1ea7n 2 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a OpenGIS Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. NASA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. USGS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Wiki.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Sciencelearn.org.nz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1957 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 tinh? V\u1ec7 tinh l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t… <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,61],"tags":[60,59,58,53,57,16,11],"class_list":["post-2560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vien-tham-share","category-ve-tinh","tag-copernicus","tag-dia-tam","tag-nhat-tam","tag-quan-sat-trai-dat","tag-satellite","tag-ve-tinh","tag-vien-tham"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2560"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3854,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2560\/revisions\/3854"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}