{"id":2605,"date":"2023-10-15T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-15T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/?p=2605"},"modified":"2024-03-28T09:17:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T02:17:32","slug":"anh-vien-tham-mien-phi-anh-quang-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/blog\/anh-vien-tham-mien-phi-anh-quang-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea2nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed – Ph\u1ea7n 1: \u1ea2nh quang h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m Landsat – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23\/7\/1972, V\u1ec7 tinh C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (ERTS-1<\/strong>), sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Landsat 1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u201cthu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh quan s\u00e1t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t mang theo c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan s\u00e1t vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m tinh vi<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau h\u01a1n 05 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 09 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Landsat ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Landsat thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 1. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat 1.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: USGS)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 2. Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Landsat 1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1972. Trong \u1ea3nh m\u00e0u gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f2n m\u00e0u x\u00e1m v\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: USGS)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c seri v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat <\/strong>g\u1ed3m:
(1) Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: Landsat 1 (1972), Landsat 2 (1975) v\u00e0 Landsat 3 (1978).
(2) Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai: Landsat 4 (1982) v\u00e0 Landsat 5 (1984).
(3) Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba: Landsat 6 (1993) v\u00e0 Landsat 7 (1999).
(4) Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: Landsat 8 (2013) v\u00e0 Landsat 9 (2021).
(5) Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: Landsat Next (2030).<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 3. V\u1ec7 tinh Landsat 9 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27\/9\/2021.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: USGS)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 4. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kathmandu, Nepal, nh\u00ecn \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Landsat 9 n\u00e0y, n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng ph\u00eda nam d\u00e3y Himalaya gi\u1eefa Nepal v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: USGS)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

*Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat vui l\u00f2ng xem “Chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c Landsat” <\/strong>c\u1ee7a OpenGIS Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh Sentinel – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 tinh Copernicus Sentinel c\u1ee7a ESA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t Sentinel g\u1ed3m 6 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec7 tinh Sentinel-2<\/strong> gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Sentinel-2 <\/strong>bao g\u1ed3m hai v\u1ec7 tinh Sentinel-2A<\/strong> v\u00e0 Sentinel-2B<\/strong> quay quanh c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, l\u1ec7ch pha nhau 180\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a sentinel-2 l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong> c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>. Sentinel-2 mang t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu 13 d\u1ea3i (band) quang ph\u1ed5: 04 d\u1ea3i \u1edf 10 m, 06 d\u1ea3i \u1edf 20 m v\u00e0 03 d\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng gian 60 m. Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng d\u1ea3i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 290 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sentinel-2A ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23\/06\/2015. Sentinel-2B ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 07\/03\/2017.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 5. V\u1ec7 tinh Sentinel-2A.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: ESA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 6. \u1ea2nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Milan t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh Sentinel-2A, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2015 l\u00fac 10:25 UTC (12:25 CEST), ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y sau khi ph\u00f3ng.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: ESA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a Sentinel-2 <\/strong>(2A&2B) ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh SPOT v\u00e0 LANDSAT<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t \u0111a ph\u1ed5 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng do Copernicus cung c\u1ea5p, bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 tinh Sentinel t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p vui l\u00f2ng xem “Chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c Sentinel”<\/strong> c\u1ee7a OpenGIS Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u1ea2nh MODIS – C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MODIS tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh Aqua v\u00e0 Terra<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

MODIS <\/strong>– M\u00e1y \u0111o quang ph\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh Terra<\/strong> (ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 EOS AM-1), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NASA ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999 <\/strong>v\u00e0 Aqua <\/strong>(ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 EOS PM-1), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Terra quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh gi\u1edd sao cho n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1eeb B\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng Nam qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, trong khi Aqua \u0111i t\u1eeb Nam l\u00ean B\u1eafc qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u. Terra MODIS v\u00e0 Aqua MODIS<\/strong> \u0111ang quan s\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 sau 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 ng\u00e0y, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf 36 d\u1ea3i quang ph\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 trong t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Hinh 7. V\u1ec7 tinh Aqua v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MODIS (tr\u00e1i) v\u00e0 Terra v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MODIS (ph\u1ea3i).
(Ngu\u1ed3n: NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 8. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp b\u1edfi M\u00e1y \u0111o quang ph\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Terra. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2000.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 9. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh MODIS trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2000. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 quang h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u1edd th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 quang h\u1ee3p.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: University of Montana)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

MODIS hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng VIIRS<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 <\/strong>tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh Suomi NPP<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn MODIS t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p vui l\u00f2ng xem “Chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c MODIS<\/a>“<\/strong> v\u00e0 “H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea3i \u1ea3nh MODIS<\/a><\/strong>” c\u1ee7a OpenGIS Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u1ea2nh ASTER – C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ASTER (cao \u0111\u1ed9) tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh Aqua<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

ASTER<\/strong> – M\u00e1y \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong kh\u00f4ng gian (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/strong> tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh Terra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NASA ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m<\/strong> 1999<\/strong>. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 10. V\u1ec7 tinh Terra v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ASTER k\u00e8m theo.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 11. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00fai St. Helens ch\u1ee5p t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ASTER tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh Terra.
(Ngu\u1ed3n: Satellite Imaging Corporation)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

ASTER <\/strong>cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf 14 d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5<\/strong> \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 m\u00e9t<\/strong>. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ASTER \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ASRER (Terra)<\/strong> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p vui l\u00f2ng xem “Chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c ASTER v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i \u1ea3nh ASTER<\/a>“<\/strong> c\u1ee7a OpenGIS Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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5. H\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh quang h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/h4>\n\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 12. T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh cung c\u1ea5p \u1ea3nh mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972-1999.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 13. T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh cung c\u1ea5p \u1ea3nh mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999-2013.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 14. T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh cung c\u1ea5p \u1ea3nh mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015-2030.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

6. B\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh quang h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972 \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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STT<\/th>Satellite<\/th>Th\u1eddi gian
ra m\u1eaft<\/th>		Th\u1eddi gian
ng\u1eebng
ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng <\/th>		Th\u1eddi gian
ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>		Band \u1ea2nh<\/th>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i<\/th>S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/th>C\u01a1 quan
kh\u00f4ng gian<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
1<\/td>Landsat 1
(MSS)<\/td>		23\/7\/1972<\/td>6\/1\/1978<\/td>H\u01a1n 6 n\u0103m<\/td>4<\/td>80m – 2 band visible
80m – 2 band NIR<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
2<\/td>Landsat 2
(MSS)<\/td>		22\/1\/1975<\/td>25\/2\/1982<\/td>G\u1ea7n 7 n\u0103m<\/td>4<\/td>80m – 2 band visible
80m – 2 band NIR<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
3<\/td>Landsat 3
(MSS)<\/td>		5\/3\/1978<\/td>7\/9\/1983<\/td>H\u01a1n 5 n\u0103m<\/td>4<\/td>80m – 2 band visible
80m – 2 band NIR<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
4<\/td>Landsat 4
(TM)<\/td>		16\/7\/1982<\/td>15\/6\/2001<\/td>G\u1ea7n 19 n\u0103m<\/td>7<\/td>30m – 3 band visible
30m – 3 band IR
120m – 1 band nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
– Nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
5<\/td>Landsat 5
(TM)<\/td>		1\/3\/1984<\/td>8\/1995<\/td>H\u01a1n 11 n\u0103m<\/td>7<\/td>30m – 3 band visible
30m – 3 band IR
120m – 1 band nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
– Nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
6<\/td>Landsat 6
(ETM)<\/td>		5\/10\/1993<\/td>X<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o
qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/td>		8<\/td>30m – 3 band visible
30m – 3 band IR
120m – 1 band nhi\u1ec7t
15m – 1 band PAN<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
– Nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
7<\/td>Landsat 7
(ETM+)<\/td>		15\/4\/1999<\/td>6\/4\/2022<\/td>23 n\u0103m<\/td>8<\/td>30m – 3 band visible
30m – 2 band IR
30m – 1 band SWIR
60m – 1 band nhi\u1ec7t
15m – 1 band PAN<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
– Nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
8<\/td>Terra
(ASTER)<\/strong><\/td>		18\/12\/1999<\/td>V\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>14<\/td>15m <\/strong>– 2 band visible
15m <\/strong>– 1 band IR
30m <\/strong>– 6 band SWIR
90m <\/strong>– 5 band LWIR<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9
– \u0110\u1ed9 cao<\/td>		NASA<\/td><\/tr>
9<\/td>Terra
(MODIS)<\/strong><\/td>		18\/12\/1999<\/td>V\u1eabn <\/strong>ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>36<\/td>250m<\/strong> – 2 band
500m <\/strong>– 5 band
1000m <\/strong>– 29 band<\/td>		– \u0110\u1ea5t\/m\u00e2y\/sol kh\u00ed
– M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du
– \u0110\u1ecba h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc
– H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc
– Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/m\u00e2y
– Ozon<\/td>		NASA<\/td><\/tr>
10<\/td>Aqua
(MODIS)<\/strong><\/td>		4\/5\/2002<\/td>V\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>36<\/td>250m <\/strong>– 2 band
500m <\/strong>– 5 band
1000m <\/strong>– 29 band<\/td>		– \u0110\u1ea5t\/m\u00e2y\/sol kh\u00ed
– M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du
– \u0110\u1ecba h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc
– H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc
– Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/m\u00e2y
– Ozon<\/td>		NASA<\/td><\/tr>
11<\/td>Landsat 8<\/strong>
(OLI & TIRS)<\/strong><\/td>		11\/2\/2013<\/td>V\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>11<\/td>30m <\/strong>– 3 band visible
30m <\/strong>– 1 band IR
30m <\/strong>– 2 band SWIR
30m <\/strong>– 1 band cirrus
30m <\/strong>– 1 band coastal aerosol
15m<\/strong> – 1 band PAN
100m <\/strong>– 2 band nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
– Nhi\u1ec7t
– M\u00e2y
– Sol kh\u00ed b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
12<\/td>Sentinel-2<\/strong><\/td>23\/6\/2015 (2A)
7\/3\/2017 (2B)<\/td>		V\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>13<\/td>10m <\/strong>– 3 band visible
10m <\/strong>– 1 band IR
20m <\/strong>– 3 band VRE
20m<\/strong> – 3 band SWIR
60m <\/strong>– 1 band cirrus
60m <\/strong>– 1 band coastal aerosol
60m <\/strong>– 1 band h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
– M\u00e2y
– H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc
– Sol kh\u00ed b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n<\/td>		ESA<\/td><\/tr>
13<\/td>Landsat 9<\/strong>
(OLI-2 & TIRS-2)<\/strong><\/td>		27\/9\/2021<\/td>V\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>11<\/td>30m <\/strong>– 3 band visible
30m <\/strong>– 1 band IR
30m <\/strong>– 2 band SWIR
30m <\/strong>– 1 band cirrus
30m <\/strong>– 1 band coastal aerosol
15m<\/strong> – 1 band PAN
100m <\/strong>– 2 band nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>		– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
– Nhi\u1ec7t
– M\u00e2y
– Sol kh\u00ed b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr>
14<\/td>Landsat
Next<\/strong><\/td>		2030<\/td><\/td><\/td>26<\/td><\/td>– M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t
– Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt
– NDVI
– Nhi\u1ec7t
– M\u00e2y
– Sol kh\u00ed b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n
– N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecfng
– B\u0103ng<\/td>		NOAA, USGS (1998)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft, ti\u1ebfng anh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • MSS<\/strong>: Multispectral Scanner – M\u00e1t qu\u00e9t \u0111a ph\u1ed5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • TM<\/strong>: Thematic Mapper – B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • ETM<\/strong>: Enhanced Thematic Mapper – B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e2ng cao.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • OLI<\/strong>: Operational Land Imager – B\u1ed9 thu nh\u1eadn \u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • TIRS<\/strong>: Thermal Infrared Sensor – B\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Visible<\/strong>: Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • IR<\/strong>: Infrared – H\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • NIR<\/strong>: Near-Infrared – C\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • SWIR<\/strong>: Short-wave Infrared – H\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • LWIR<\/strong>: Long-ware Infrared – H\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • VRE<\/strong>: Vegetation red edge – Th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt vi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • PAN<\/strong>: Panchromatic – To\u00e0n s\u1eafc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Coastal aerosol<\/strong>: Sol kh\u00ed b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Cirrus<\/strong>: M\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. NASA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. ESA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. USGS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. NOAA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Wiki.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m Landsat – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972 \u0111\u1ebfn nay V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23\/7\/1972, V\u1ec7 tinh C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean… <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[271,272,75,72,69,71,10,57,70,74],"class_list":["post-2605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ve-tinh","tag-anh-quang-hoc-mien-phi-2","tag-anh-vien-tham-2","tag-anh-vien-tham-mien-phi","tag-aster","tag-landsat","tag-modis","tag-remote-sensing","tag-satellite","tag-sentinel-2","tag-ve-tinh-mien-phi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2605"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3561,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2605\/revisions\/3561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}