{"id":2614,"date":"2023-10-22T11:44:46","date_gmt":"2023-10-22T04:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/?p=2614"},"modified":"2024-03-28T09:17:09","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T02:17:09","slug":"phan-tich-gis-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/blog\/phan-tich-gis-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch GIS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch GIS l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a<strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u00f4ng tin \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd (GIS)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng <strong>th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong> h\u1eefu \u00edch <strong>t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>hi\u1ec3u<\/strong> c\u00e1c <strong>d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong>, <strong>m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong> v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n <strong>xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong> trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch GIS bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng gian <em>(Spatial Queries)<\/em>: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<figure id=\"attachment_2634\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2634\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2634 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spatial-queries-300x282.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spatial-queries-300x282.png 300w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spatial-queries-13x12.png 13w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/spatial-queries.png 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2634\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch cao t\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 d\u1eb7m [1]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng gian <em>(Geoprocessing)<\/em>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o v\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n (buffering), ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o (overlaying), giao nhau (intersecting) v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (merging) \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_2637\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2637\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2637 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/geoprocessing-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/geoprocessing-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/geoprocessing-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/geoprocessing-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/geoprocessing.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2637\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng gian trong ArcGIS<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng gian <em>(Spatial Analysis)<\/em>: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng, ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i suy.<figure id=\"attachment_2638\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2638\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2638\" src=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Spatial-Analysis-300x230.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Spatial-Analysis-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Spatial-Analysis-768x590.png 768w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Spatial-Analysis-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Spatial-Analysis.png 906w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2638\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i suy t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Tr\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft Nam Phi [2]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi <em>(Network Analysis)<\/em>: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ec7n \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<figure id=\"attachment_2640\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2640\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2640\" src=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Network-Analysis-300x232.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Network-Analysis-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Network-Analysis-1024x791.png 1024w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Network-Analysis-768x594.png 768w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Network-Analysis-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Network-Analysis.png 1035w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2640\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">T\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 San Francisco [3]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea <em>(Geostatistics)<\/em>: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gian, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed9i suy (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kriging) \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u01b0a \u0111o v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i quy kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn.<figure id=\"attachment_2641\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2641\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2641\" src=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Geostatistics-300x188.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Geostatistics-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Geostatistics-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Geostatistics.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2641\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Belarus sau v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyl [4]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m <em>(Remote Sensing Analysis)<\/em>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c.<figure id=\"attachment_2643\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2643\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2643\" src=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Remote-Sensing-Analysis-300x161.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Remote-Sensing-Analysis-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Remote-Sensing-Analysis-1024x549.png 1024w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Remote-Sensing-Analysis-768x412.png 768w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Remote-Sensing-Analysis-1536x824.png 1536w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Remote-Sensing-Analysis-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Remote-Sensing-Analysis.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2643\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u1ea2nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u GIS [5]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(Decision Support Systems)<\/em>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch GIS \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gian, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan.<figure id=\"attachment_2645\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2645\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2645\" src=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Decision-Support-Systems-300x236.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Decision-Support-Systems-300x236.png 300w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Decision-Support-Systems-1024x804.png 1024w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Decision-Support-Systems-768x603.png 768w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Decision-Support-Systems-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/opengis.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Decision-Support-Systems.png 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2645\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u1edf Myanmar [6]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch GIS \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, quy ho\u1ea1ch giao th\u00f4ng, \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch GIS gi\u00fap thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1eabu, \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/p>\n<p>[1] <a href=\"https:\/\/gistbok.ucgis.org\/bok-topics\/spatial-queries\">https:\/\/gistbok.ucgis.org\/bok-topics\/spatial-queries<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[2] <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.qgis.org\/2.18\/en\/docs\/gentle_gis_introduction\/spatial_analysis_interpolation.html\">https:\/\/docs.qgis.org\/2.18\/en\/docs\/gentle_gis_introduction\/spatial_analysis_interpolation.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[3] <a href=\"https:\/\/bdejonggis.weebly.com\/network-analysis.htmlhttps:\/\/bdejonggis.weebly.com\/network-analysis.html\">https:\/\/bdejonggis.weebly.com\/network-analysis.htmlhttps:\/\/bdejonggis.weebly.com\/network-analysis.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[4] <a href=\"https:\/\/desktop.arcgis.com\/es\/arcmap\/latest\/extensions\/geostatistical-analyst\/geostatistical-analyst-example-applications.htm\">https:\/\/desktop.arcgis.com\/es\/arcmap\/latest\/extensions\/geostatistical-analyst\/geostatistical-analyst-example-applications.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[5] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indstate.edu\/cas\/ees\/research\/gis-remote-sensing-labs\">https:\/\/www.indstate.edu\/cas\/ees\/research\/gis-remote-sensing-labs<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[6] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.terra.gr\/en\/spatial-decision-support-systems\/\">https:\/\/www.terra.gr\/en\/spatial-decision-support-systems\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 6b489388-b1d6-4b53-84ab-dd00bfef4422 --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch GIS l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u00f4ng tin \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd (GIS) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1&#8230; <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[63,62,64,66,68,67],"class_list":["post-2614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gis-share","tag-analysis","tag-gis","tag-he-thong-thong-tin-dia-ly","tag-khong-gian","tag-phan-tich-gis","tag-thuoc-tinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2614"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2648,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2614\/revisions\/2648"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opengis.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}